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''Gossypium barbadense'', also known as extra long staple (ELS) cotton as it generally has a staple of at least 1 3/8" or longer, and also as sea island cotton, is a species of cotton plant. Varieties of ELS cotton include American Pima, Egyptian Giza, Indian Suvin, Chinese xinjiang, Sudanese Barakat, and Russian Tonkovoloknistyi.〔 It is a tropical, frost-sensitive perennial plant that produces yellow flowers and has black seeds. It grows as a small, bushy tree and yields cotton with unusually long, silky fibers. To grow, it requires full sun and high humidity and rainfall. This plant contains the chemical gossypol, which reduces its susceptibility to insect and fungal damage. In Suriname’s traditional medicine, the leaves of ''G. barbadense'' are used to treat hypertension and delayed/irregular menstruation. == History == The name Pima was applied in honor of the Pima Indians, who helped raise the cotton on USDA experimental farms in Arizona in the early 1900s.〔 The first clear sign of domestication of this cotton species comes the Early Valdivia phase site of Real Alto on the coast of Ecuador (4400 BC) and from Ancon (archaeological site), on the Peruvian coast, where cotton bolls dating to 4200 BC were found. According to other accounts, Real Alto cotton is dated to 3500-3000 BC, and the oldest coastal Peru cotton is dated 2500 BC. By 1000 BC, Peruvian cotton bolls were indistinguishable from modern cultivars of ''G. barbadense''. Cotton growing became widespread in South America and spread to the West Indies, where Christopher Columbus encountered it. Cotton became a commercial plantation crop tended by slaves in the West Indies, so that by the 1650s, Barbados had become the first British West Indies colony to export cotton. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gossypium barbadense」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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